Oleh: Ivo Rover Yanti Sandi, Guru SMPN 1 Bangkinang Kota, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau
KOMPAS.com - Narrative text adalah salah satu jenis teks yang menceritakan rangkaian peristiwa dengan sistem kronologis atau saling terhubung.
Narrative text umumnya bersifat imajinatif, alias tidak nyata atau berupa hasil imajinasi dari penulisnya yang bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca. Salah satu jenis narrative text adalah fairy tales atau dongeng.
Fairy tales merupakan cerita rakyat atau cerita anak-anak yang mengandung unsur keajaiban atau ketidakmungkinan para tokoh cerita. Selain itu fairy tale memiliki bagian akhir yang mengandung pesan moral.
Sebelum membahas contoh fairy tale dan strukturnya, simak penjelasan ini terlebih dahulu:
Baca juga: Contoh Narrative Text Fabel
Generic structure of narrative text
Berikut struktur umum dari narrative text atau teks naratif, yaitu:
OrientationOrientation berarti pengenalan. Pada paragraf awal narrative text biasanya berisi perkenalan tokoh dan latar yang terlibat dalam isi cerita. Dalam hal ini, latar bisa menjadi tempat kejadian serta waktu cerita.
ComplicationBagian ini akan mulai masuk pada paragraf yang menceritakan terkait awal mula masalah suatu peristiwa atau kejadian.
Karena bersifat kronologis, maka masalah yang muncul di awal akan berlanjut menjadi rentetan alur cerita panjang yang mengandung konflik, klimaks, serta anti klimaks. Susunan dalam complication yaitu:
- Problem, yaitu paragraf atau kalimat yang mulai menjurus pada masalah dari suatu cerita.
- Conflict, lebih kompleks lagi, setelah ada masalah, maka cerita akan berlanjut pada konflik. Di bagian ini, audiens akan dibuat penasaran dengan apa yang terjadi antara satu tokoh dengan tokoh lainnya.
- Climax, yaitu puncak konflik yang menjadi sorotan utama dalam narrative text.
- Anti climax, bagian ini biasa disebut juga sebagai penurunan konflik. Jadi, konflik akan berkurang secara pelan.
- Solution, dalam bagian solution akan menjelaskan tentang penyelesaian dari konflik yang sudah diceritakan sebelumnya.
Baca juga: Procedure Text: Pengertian, Struktur Umum, dan Contohnya
ResolutionBagian ini adalah akhir dari cerita atau kesimpulan dari cerita. Paragraf ini bisa menjadi penjelasan lanjutan dari solution.
Dalam bagian ini, penulis juga dapat menggambarkan apakah narrative text yang dibuat akan berakhir dengan sad ending (buruk) atau happy ending (bahagia).
Coda atau reorientation (optional)Reorientation merupakan optional atau tidak wajib ada di narrative text. Namun, umumnya kalimat dalam paragraf ini akan menceritakan kondisi terakhir sang tokoh dalam cerita, atau bisa juga berisi tentang pelajaran dan pesan moral yang dapat diambil oleh pembaca untuk diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan nyata.
Baca juga: Recount Text: Pengertian, Struktur Isi, Unsur Kebahasaan, dan Contoh
Contoh narrative text fairy tale
Timun Emas
| Orientation |
Long long time ago, there was a farmer couple. They were staying in a village near a forest. They lived happily. |
| Complication 1 |
Unfortunately, they hadn’t had any children yet |
| Resolution 1 |
Every day they prayed to God for a child. One day a giant passed their home. He heard what they were praying. Then the giant gave them a cucumber seed. “Plant this seed, then you’ll get a daughter,” said the giant. “Thank you, Giant,” said the couple. “But in one condition, in her 17-th birthday, you must give her to me,” said the Giant. The couple wanted a child so much that they agreed without thinking first. Then the couple planted the cucumber seed. Each day they took care of the growing plant so carefully. Months later, a golden cucumber grew from the plant. The cucumber was getting heavier and bigger each day. When it was ripe, they picked it. Carefully they cut out the cucumber and how surprised were they when they found a beautiful baby inside. They were so happy. They named the baby Timun Mas, or Golden Cucumber. |
| Complication 2 |
Years were passing by and Timun Mas had grown into a beautiful girl. Her parents were very proud of her. But their happiness turned to fear when her 17th birthday came. The giant returned to ask for their promise. He was going to take Timun Mas away. |
| Resolution 2 |
The farmer tried to be calm. “Just a moment, please. Timun Mas is playing. My wife will call her,” he said. Then the farmer came to his daughter. “My child, take this,” as he was giving her a little bag to Timun Mas. “This will help you from the giant. Now, run as fast as you can,” he ordered. So Timun Mas ran away. |
| Complication 3 |
The couple was very sad about her leaving. But they didn’t want the giant to eat Timun Mas. Meanwhile, the giant had been waiting for too long. He became impatient. Somehow he knew that the couple had lied to him. So he destroyed their house and ran for Timun Mas. The giant was chasing Timun Mas and he was getting closer and closer. Timun Mas then took a handful of salt from her little bag. She spread out the salt behind her. Suddenly a wide sea appeared between them. The giant had to swim to reach her. |
| Resolution 3 |
Timun Mas was still running, but now the giant almost caught her. Then she took some chilly and threw them to the giant. The chilly suddenly grew into some trees and trapped the giant. The trees grew some thorns as sharp as a knife. The giant screamed painfully. At the mean time, Timun Mas could escape again. |
| Complication 4 |
But the giant was very strong. Again he almost caught Timun Mas. So Timun Mas took the third magic stuff, the cucumber seeds. She threw the seeds and suddenly they became a wide cucumber field. The giant was very tired and hungry so he ate those fresh cucumbers. He ate too much that he felt sleepy and fell asleep soon. |
| Resolution 4 |
Timun Mas kept on running as fast as she could. But soon she was very tired herself. To make things worse, the giant had woken up! Timun Mas was so scared. Desperately she then threw her last weapon, terasi (a kind of shrimp pasta). IT did a miracle again. The pasta became a big swamp. The giant fell into it but his hands almost reached Timun Mas. Suddenly the lake pulled him to the bottom. The giant panicked and he couldn’t breathe. At last he drowned. |
| Re-orientation |
Timun Mas was very relieved. She was safe now. Then she returned to her parents’ house. Her parents were of course very happy to see their daughter safe and sound. “Thank God. You have saved my daughter,” they cried happily. From then on, Timun Mas lived happily with her parents with no fear anymore. |
Baca juga: Descriptive Text: Pengertian, Struktur Isi, Unsur Kebahasaan, Contoh
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